Understanding Gastric Ulcer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Learn about gastric ulcer causes, symptoms, and treatments. Discover how to manage gastric ulcer effectively and protect your digestive health.

A gastric ulcer—commonly known as a stomach ulcer—is a painful sore in the stomach lining. It affects millions globally and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications. This guide provides in-depth insights into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric ulcers.

What Is a Gastric Ulcer?

A gastric ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that forms on the stomach’s inner lining due to an imbalance between digestive acids and protective mucus. According to Harvard Health, ulcers can result from bacterial infections or medication overuse.

Causes of Gastric Ulcers

1. H. pylori Infection

The most common cause is Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria that weakens the stomach’s mucosal lining, making it vulnerable to acid damage.

2. NSAIDs Overuse

Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen or aspirin) can erode the stomach lining.

3. Lifestyle Factors

  • Smoking

  • Excessive alcohol consumption

  • Chronic stress
    These may contribute or worsen ulcer symptoms.

Symptoms to Watch For

Recognizing gastric ulcer symptoms early can prevent complications. Common signs include:

  • Burning stomach pain

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Bloating or belching

  • Weight loss

  • Dark or bloody stools (in severe cases)

If you experience persistent abdominal pain, seek medical attention.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

Doctors may use endoscopy, a breath test for H. pylori, or stool antigen tests to confirm the ulcer and its cause.

Treatment Options

  • Antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid

  • Antacids for symptom relief

  • Lifestyle changes, such as reducing NSAID use, quitting smoking, and modifying diet

Tips for Prevention and Recovery

  • Avoid spicy, acidic, or fried foods

  • Eat smaller, frequent meals

  • Limit caffeine and alcohol

  • Manage stress through mindfulness or therapy

Following a treatment plan and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce recurrence.

When to See a Doctor

If you’re experiencing frequent stomach pain, unexplained weight loss, or vomiting blood, consult a gastroenterologist promptly. Early diagnosis leads to more effective treatment and prevents complications like internal bleeding or perforation.

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